The Scofield Bible Commentary, by Cyrus Ingerson Scofield, [1917], at sacred-texts.com
righteous
See (Rom_1:19).
(See Scofield) - (Rom 10:10).
Reconciliation
See (Rom 5:10-11). (Co2 5:18-20); (Col 1:21).
have sinned
The first sin wrought the moral ruin of the race. The demonstration is simple.
(1) Death is universal (Rom 4:12); (Rom 4:14), all die: sinless infants, moral people, religious people, equally with the depraved. For a universal effect there must be a universal cause; that cause is a state of universal sin (Rom 5:12).
(2) But this universal state must have had a cause. It did. The consequence of Adam's sin was that "the many were made sinners" (Rom 5:19) -- "By the offence of one judgment came upon all men unto condemnation" (Rom 5:18).
(3) Personal sins are not meant here. From Adam to Moses death reigned (Rom 5:14), although, there being no law, personal guilt was not imputed (Rom 5:13). Accordingly, from (Gen 4:7) to (Exo 29:14) the sin-offering is not once mentioned. Then, since physical death from Adam to Moses was not due to the sinful acts of those who die (Rom 5:13), it follows that it was due to a universal sinful state, or nature, and that state is declared to be out inheritance from Adam.
(4) the moral state of fallen man is described in Scripture (Gen 6:5); (Kg1 8:46); (Psa 14:1-3); (Psa 39:5); (Jer 17:9); (Mat 18:11); (Mar 7:20); (Mar 7:23); (Rom 1:21); (Rom 2:1-29); (Rom 3:9-19); (Rom 7:24); (Rom 8:7); (Joh 3:6); (Co1 2:14); (Co2 3:14); (Co2 4:4); (Gal 5:19-21); (Eph 2:1-3); (Eph 2:11); (Eph 2:12); (Eph 4:18-22); (Col 1:21); (Heb 3:13); (Jam 4:14); (Co1 15:22).
Adam to Moses
Broadly, the contrast is:
Adam: sin, death;
Christ: righteousness, life.
Adam drew down into his ruin the old creation (Rom 8:19-22) of which he was lord and head. Christ brings into moral unity with God, and into eternal life, the new creation of which he is Lord and Head. (Eph 1:22); (Eph 1:23). Even the animal and material creation, cursed for man's sake, (Gen 3:17) will be delivered by Christ. (Isa 11:6-9); (Rom 8:19-22).
one many
The one the many died.
offences
Sin
(See Scofield) - (Rom 3:23).
offence
Sin
(See Scofield) - (Rom 3:23).
righteousness
See (Rom 5:17); (Rom 5:18); (Rom 5:21).
(See Scofield) - (Rom 3:21).
offence
Sin
(See Scofield) - (Rom 3:23).
sinners
Sin
(See Scofield) - (Rom 3:23).
sin
"Sin" in Romans 6, 7 is the nature in distinction from "sins," which are manifestations of that nature.
Compare (Jo1 1:8) with (Jo1 1:10), where this distinction also appears.
grace
Grace (in salvation). (Rom 5:2); (Rom 5:15-21); (Rom 11:5-6); (Rom 3:24).
(See Scofield) - (Joh 1:17).