A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882] at sacred-texts.com
A good name-- (Job 30:8, Hebrew); "good" is supplied here from Ecc 7:1.
loving favour--kind regard, that is, of the wise and good.
Before God all are on the same footing (Pro 14:31; Pro 17:5).
are punished--that is, for their temerity; for the evil is not necessarily punitive, as the prudent might otherwise be its objects.
humility and the fear of the Lord--are in apposition; one produces the other. On the results, compare Pro 3:16; Pro 8:18.
he that . . . them--Those who properly watch over their own souls are thus preserved from the dangers which attend the way of perverse men (Pro 16:17).
Train--initiate, or early instruct.
the way--literally, "his way," that selected for him in which he should go; for early training secures habitual walking in it.
The influence of wealth sets aside moral distinctions is implied, and, of course, disapproved (compare Pro 19:6; Pro 21:14, &c.).
(Compare Pro 11:18; Psa 109:16-20; Gal 6:7-8).
the rod . . . fail--His power to do evil will be destroyed.
a bountiful eye--that is, a beneficent disposition.
for he giveth . . . poor--His acts prove it.
Cast out--or drive away. Scorners foster strife by taunts and revilings.
(Compare Margin).
pureness of heart--and gentle, kind words win favor, even from kings.
preserve--or guard.
knowledge--its principles and possessors.
overthroweth--utterly confounds and destroys the wicked.
Frivolous excuses satisfy the indolent man's conscience.
The mouth--or flattering speeches (Pro 5:3; Pro 7:5) ensnare man, as pits, beasts. God makes their own sin their punishment.
is bound--or firmly fixed. Chastisement deters from crime and so leads to reformation of principle.
These two vices pertain to the same selfish feeling. Both are deservedly odious to God and incur punishment.
Here begins another division of the book, marked by those encouragements to the pursuit of wisdom, which are found in the earlier chapters. It will be observed that at Pro. 22:22-24:12, the proverbs are generally expressed in two verses instead of one (see Introduction).
These lessons must be laid up in the mind, and
fitted--or better, "fixed" in the lips so as to be ever ready.
That . . . Lord--This is the design of the instruction.
excellent things--or probably of former times.
counsels and knowledge--both advice and instruction.
Specially he desires to secure accuracy, so that his pupil may teach others.
Here follow ten precepts of two verses each. Though men fail to defend the poor, God will (Pro 17:5; Psa 12:5).
in the gate--place of public gathering (Job 5:4; Psa 69:12).
(Compare Pro 2:12-15; Pro 4:14).
a snare . . . soul--The unsuspecting are often misled by bad company.
(Compare Pro 6:1; Pro 17:18).
should he take, &c.--that is, the creditor.
(Compare Pro 23:10). Do not entrench on others (Deu 19:14; Deu 27:17).
Success rewards diligence (Pro 10:4; Pro 21:5).