Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge, by R.A. Torrey, [ca. 1880], at sacred-texts.com
Overview
Ch1 19:1, David's messengers, sent to comfort Hanun, the son of Nahash, are villainously treated; Ch1 19:6, The Ammonites, strengthened by the Syrians, are overcome by Joab and Abishai; Ch1 19:16, Shophach, making a new supply of the Syrians, is slain by David.
Nahash: Sa1 11:1, Sa1 11:2, Sa1 12:12; Sa2 10:1-3
I will show: Sa1 30:26; Sa2 9:1, Sa2 9:7; Kg2 4:13; Est 6:3; Ecc 9:15
the children: Gen 19:37, Gen 19:38; Deu 23:3-6; Neh 4:3, Neh 4:7, Neh 13:1
but the princes: Sa1 29:4, Sa1 29:9; Kg1 12:8-11
Thinkest thou that David: Heb. In thine eyes doth David, Co1 13:5-7
to search: Gen 42:9-18; Jos 2:1-3; Jdg 1:23, Jdg 1:24, Jdg 18:2, Jdg 18:8-10
took David's: Psa 35:12, Psa 109:4, Psa 109:5
shaved them: Lev 19:27; Isa 15:2; Jer 41:5, Jer 48:37
and cut: Isa 20:4, Isa 47:2, Isa 47:3
sent them: Sa2 10:4, Sa2 10:5; Ch2 36:16; Mar 12:4; Luk 20:10, Luk 20:11
and told David: Mat 18:31
at Jericho: Jos 6:24-26; Kg1 16:34
your beards: Jdg 16:22
odious: Heb. to stink, Gen 34:30; Exo 5:21; Sa1 13:4, Sa1 27:12; Psa 14:3 *marg.
a thousand: Ch2 16:2, Ch2 16:3, Ch2 25:6, Ch2 27:5; Psa 46:9
Syriamaachah: Sa2 10:6
Zobah: Ch2 18:3, Ch2 18:5, Ch2 18:9; Sa1 14:47; Sa2 8:3; Kg1 11:23, Kg1 11:24
hired: Ch1 18:4; Exo 14:9; Jdg 4:3; Sa1 13:5; Ch2 14:9; Psa 20:7-9
thirty: Thirty-two thousand soldiers, exclusive of the thousand sent by the king of Maachah, are mentioned in the parallel passage (Sa2 10:6); but of chariots or cavalry there is no mention; and the number of chariots stated here is prodigious, and beyond all credibility. But as the word raichev denotes not only a chariot, but a rider (see Isa 21:7), it ought most probably to be rendered here, in a collective sense, cavalry; and then the number of troops will exactly agree with the passage in Samuel. It is probable that they were a kind of auxiliary troops who were usually mounted on horses, or in chariots, but who occasionally served as foot-soldiers.
the king of Maachah: This variation exists only in the translation, the original being the same in both places, melech maachah, "the king of Maachah." Sa2 10:6, king Maachah
Medeba: Num 21:30; Jos 13:9; Isa 15:2
Joab: Ch1 11:6, 10-47; 2Sam. 23:8-39
put the battle: Sa1 17:2; Sa2 18:4; Ch2 13:3, Ch2 14:10; Isa 28:6; Jer 50:42; Joe 2:5
the kings: Sa2 10:8; Kg1 20:1, Kg1 20:24
when Joab: Sa2 10:9-14
battle: Heb. face of the battle
set against: Jos 8:22; Jdg 20:42, Jdg 20:43
choice: or, young men
Abishai: Heb. Abshai, Ch1 11:20, Ch1 18:12; The variation of אבישׁי [Strong's H52], Abishai, and אבשׁי [Strong's H52], Abshai, is simply caused by the elision of י, yood, which is by no means uncommon.
and they set: Ch1 19:9
If the Syrians: Neh 4:20; Ecc 4:9-12; Gal 6:2; Phi 1:27, Phi 1:28
of good: Deu 31:6, Deu 31:7; Jos 1:7, Jos 10:25; Sa1 4:9, Sa1 14:6-12, Sa1 17:32; Sa2 10:12; Ezr 10:4; Neh 4:14; Psa 27:14; Co1 16:13
let us behave: etc. In Samuel, "let us play the men;" but the original is the same in both places, nithchazzak.
let the Lord: Jdg 10:15; Sa1 3:18; Sa2 15:26, Sa2 16:10, Sa2 16:11; Job 1:22
they fled: Kg1 20:13, Kg1 20:19-21, Kg1 20:28-30; Ch2 13:5-16; Jer 46:15, Jer 46:16
they likewise: Lev 26:7; Rom 8:31
am 2968, bc 1036, An, Ex, Is, 455
and drew: Psa 2:1; Isa 8:9; Mic 4:11, Mic 4:12; Zac 14:1-3
river: that is, Euphrates
Shophach: This variation arises from the permutation of ב, baith, and פ, pay; being written in the parallel passage שׁובך [Strong's H7731], Shobach, and here שׁופך [Strong's H7780], Shophach Sa2 10:16, Shobach.
upon them: Instead of alaihem, "upon them," it is in Sa2 10:17 chelamah, "to Helam:" the one seems evidently to be a mistake for the other.
and set: Ch1 19:9; Isa 22:6, Isa 22:7
fled before Israel: Ch1 19:13, Ch1 19:14; Psa 18:32, Psa 33:16, Psa 46:11
seven thousand: In the parallel passage, "the men of seven hundred chariots;" which difference probably arose from mistaking ן, noon final, which stands for 700, for ז, zayin, with a dot above, which denotes 7,000, or vice versa. the great similarity of these letters might easily cause the one to be mistaken for the other.
footmen: If these troops were as we have suppose, a kind of dismounted cavalry, the terms footmen and horsemen might be indifferently applied to them. Sa2 10:18, horsemen
the servants: Gen 14:4, Gen 14:5; Jos 9:9-11; Sa2 10:19; Kg1 20:1, Kg1 20:12; Psa 18:39, Psa 18:44; Isa 10:8
would: Ch1 14:17; Psa 48:3-6